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Thumal the Qahraman ((アラビア語:ثمل القهرمانة)) (died 929) was a Muslim woman appointed in 918 as a judge in a maẓālim (secular administrative) court. She was not a Qadi (a judge adjudicating Islamic law), for she only dealt with secular law. She was put in charge of rescripting the petitions which petitioners brought to the court.〔See Karen Bauer, ‘Debates on Women’s Status as Judges and Witnesses in Post-Formative Islamic Law,’ Journal of the American Oriental Society, 130.1 (2010), 1-21. 〕 She was appointed by Umm Jafar Muqtadir, the mother to caliph Jafar al-Muqtadir-billah (r. 908–923), the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. ==See also== *women in islam *Qadi *Abbasid Caliphate == References == *Fatema Mernissi, Mernissi, Fatima, and Mary Jo. Lakeland. The Forgotten Queens of Islam. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1993. 42-43. Print. * Ibn Kathir, ''Al Bidayah wa al-Nihayah'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thumal the Qahraman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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